Nutrition An Important Aspect For The Health Of Elderly...

Introduction; Nutrition is an important aspect for the health and wellbeing of all people especially the elderly because it affects their aging process. Malnutrition is affecting many of the older population. Older people most commonly have reduced appetite and reduced energy expenditure which is added to many other physiological changes that occur at their age group. Malnutrition is a major issue in older people and its rates is increasing as time passes. Many old people are classed as malnourished and are attended to hospitals. Malnutrition especially in this population is often underdiagnosed and this is exactly why Nutritional Assessment is very important in order to identify and treat patients that are at risk. Undernourishment can cause many health problems that could easily be prevented with the proper nutrition. Malnutrition can be reversed if it was addressed early. Problem: Malnutrition in elderly individuals is usually underdiagnosed and the prevalence of malnutrition among elderly has increased in nursing homes. Significance of the Problem: It is important to improve the health of elderly and identify malnutrition and manage it in order to improve the health of older people in the community. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify malnutrition at early stages in people who are exposed to it and to manage this problem in people who might be at risk of developing malnutrition. Conceptual Framework: This proposal is done to add value toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Nutrition On Our Daily Lives1683 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years we have come to discover the importance of nutrition on our daily lives. Our daily nutritional intake affects every aspect of our functioning, especially as we age. Unfortunately this factor is too often overlooked. It is imperative that we truly understand the impact of proper nutrition on our lives, as aging is a complex process. Over time the human body accumulates damage in many of its major systems. Countless hours of research have gone into studying the human body and how itRead MoreNutrition For Kids : Nutrition1704 Words   |  7 Pagessfgate.com). Good nutrition means getting the right amount of nutrients from healthy foods in the right combinations. Knowing about nutrition and making smart choices about the foods you eat can help you achieve good health. Good health avoids obesity and a great number of illnesses. Nutrition for Kids Nutrition is very important for everyone, but especially for kids. Nutrition is directly linked to all aspects of their growth and development. It is the base of their level of health as they grow intoRead MoreFood Assistance Programs For Food Aid Programs1450 Words   |  6 Pages20% of the US population in 2030.† As a result of this data an increase in societal level food interventions are important to implement to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly. Food assistance programs can be a solution to address this problem. The importance of elders of having the appropriate foods for health and the struggles they have in acquiring these foods suggests that elderly food assistance programs might develop better ways of helping them obtained such foods (Wolfe et al., 2003). FoodRead MoreGeneral Health Of The Elderly Population Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagescan expect to live an average of 18 more years . People aged 85 years and over are the fastest-growing group, and the pr oportion of these â€Å"oldest old† is expected to triple between now and year 2030. Continued good health of the elderly population is a major challenge to public health. What Happens As We Age Healthy life means a full range of functional capacity at each life stage, from infancy to old age. Some age-related changes involve a gradual decline in function that is due to biological senescenceRead MoreThe Age Of Elderly People1621 Words   |  7 PagesResearch shows that in developed nations the average number of elderly people is increasing or is bound to increase over the next decades. This is because the condition of living, the lifestyle in these nations supports the elderly to the point where their lives become sustainable even as they grow old. Nations like Sweden and Germany are already experiencing this. Currently, the number of young people in the world tops the list of the age groups with the most population. The world is also on theRead MoreIncreasing Population Of Older People Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pages$13,640 for women and $12,144 for men. This advanced age population will have a large effect on public spending, workforce development, and health care servic es (Ministry of Health, 2002). This aged population has the most money spent personal health and disability support than any other age group in New Zealand. Thus, it is important to establish the health status of the population and to discover predictors of successful aging that allow independence and living well in advanced age. The peopleRead MoreMaster Of Nutrition Science Program1540 Words   |  7 PagesMaster of Nutrition Science Program Program Faculty Kathy Prelack, Ph. D, Chair Professor in Nutrition Science Sai Das Professor in Nutrition Science Kelly Kane Professor in Nutrition Science Lynne M. Ausman Professor in Nutrition Science David Hastings Professor in Nutrition Science Sujata Dixit-Joshi Professor in Nutrition Science Marcy Goldsmith Professor in Nutrition Science Overview Nutrition program is a very important in the health in both social and health aspects of life. TheRead MoreThe Importance Of Nutrition On Health, Health And Well Being Of Our Population Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Nutrition in Health Madison Aynes University of Arkansas Fort Smith NUTR 25230E1  According to the World Health Organization nutrition is defined as â€Å"the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs.† This topic is often overlooked by many Americans and its relationship with a healthy life is often never understood. From before life begins in the embryonic stages to the final stages of life nutrition plays a vital role in the life a person. Poor nutrition can beRead MoreThe Effects Of Nutrition On Health And Health955 Words   |  4 PagesHealth is a widely used term and every person’s definition of health and being healthy can be vastly different. There are many different ways to achieve good health and to be healthy, but one thing in common that is important no matter what, is nutrition. Nutrition greatly influences our health and can be detrimental in preventing or treating a disease. Prevention is crucial to stay healthy and free of illness and disease and nutrition plays a huge part in this process. Nutrition i s important inRead MoreNutrition And The Body s Dietary Needs Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pages According to the World Health Organization nutrition is defined as â€Å"the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs.† This topic is often overlooked by many Americans and its relationship with a healthy life is often never understood. From before life begins in the embryonic stages to the final stages of life nutrition plays a vital role in the life a person. Poor nutrition can be caused by over indulgence or deprivation of essential nutrients and can lead to a decreased immune

Hispaniola And La Espanola, By Christopher Columbus Essay

Hispaniola or la Espanola, named by Christopher Columbus after his landing in 1492, is one of the largest island lying in the Caribbean Sea. The island is divided politically into the Dominican Republic and Haiti. One island, barely a barrier and yet, two completely different cultures and two completely different nations. The island was divided as a result of colonization. While the French colonized the west part of the island, what is today known as Haiti, and the Spanish colonized the east part of the island and what is today known as the Dominican Republic. As a result of those two different colonizations by two completely different nations with different cultures, Haiti and the Dominican Republic became two nations. However, for two nations on the same island with similar ancestry and a similar history, the Dominican Republic and Haiti are in a position where they could help each other if they were ever a time help was needed. That is not the case. After colonization and they f ought for their freedoms, the history between the two nations turned bitter. Therefore, the political relationship between Haiti and the Dominican Republic is a tense affair between two embittered nations occupying one island. As it is, the Dominican Republic became independent in 1844, forty years after Haiti. Unlike Haiti, the Dominican Republic was colonized by the Spaniards. Given the fact that Haiti gained its independence before the Dominican Republic, most of the nation wanted to stay asShow MoreRelatedThe Background Of Christopher Columbus1361 Words   |  6 Pages2. Describe the background of Christopher Columbus. 150 Words Cristoforo Colombo or commonly known today as, Christopher Columbus, was a navigator, sailor, and a coloniser who was inspired by other sailors books such as, Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the world), published by Marco Polo. He was thought to be born on 31st October 1451 in Genoa, Republic of Genoa, but historians haven’t actually confirmed this to be true. He was the son of two wool weavers named Domenico ColomboRead MoreReview Of Christopher Columbus s The New World 1605 Words   |  7 Pages3. Achievements of Christopher Columbus. 3.1. Finding and Colonising of the New World. King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, the Catholic Monarchs of Aragon, Castile, and Leon in Spain sponsored Columbus’ first journey. The funding was used to give Columbus crewmembers, and the money to afford three ships called the Nià ±a, Pinta, and Santa Marà ­a. Columbus and his crew then sailed west in hopes to find an alternate route to the lucrative Chinese trade markets or a new Silk Road. After two monthsRead MoreChristopher Columbus, A Explorer, Sailor, And A Coloniser1711 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly known today as, Christopher Columbus, was a navigator, sailor, and a coloniser. Columbus’ influences on discovering a new route to the Indies revolved around many books such as, Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the world), published by Marco Polo and many other sailors. He was thought to be born on 31st October 1451 in Genoa, Republic of Genoa, but historians have not in fact corroborated this to be true. Filipa Moniz Perestrello was the wife of Columbus and the son of twoRead MoreThe Dominican Republic Became A Nation Of Their Own1227 Words   |  5 Pages On the day of February 27, 1844, the Dominican Republic became a nation of their own. The island was named La Isla Espaà ±ola and soon became Hispaniola, when Christopher Columbus discovered the island in 1492. Santo Domingo became the Spanish capital a few years later. Due to Sant o Domingo s location, it was a gateway to the Caribbean. In the year of 1838, a secret society called La Trinitaria was organized by Spanish-speaking Dominicans to overthrow Haitian rule. Juan Pablo Duarte, a son ofRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The New World1579 Words   |  7 PagesAugust 3rd, 1492, Christopher Columbus would depart from Spain in efforts to reach the New World and to try to colonize it. December 5th, of the same year, Columbus would arrive to an island in the Caribbean, which he proceeded to claim and call â€Å"La Espanola† (Hispaniola). More Spaniards came to the island to colonize it and create a plantation economy because the island was so rich and diverse in their resources. Nearly 200 years later, when France became a major European power, the French decidedRead MoreColor Tone, Gradient, Race, And Ethnicity1098 Words   |  5 Pagestraditionally non-marginalized upper class and those who leave the confines of Hispaniola. Before diving into the effects of the racism and prejudice brought about by the Dominican Republics deeply held bias, it is important to understand the origin. Santo Domingo, in present-day Dominican Republic, is the oldest European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. The island of Hispaniola (then Espaà ±ola) was â€Å"discovered† by Christopher Columbus during his first voyage in 1492. Although there were native peoplesRead MoreIs The Public Bad Side Of Haiti?1602 Words   |  7 Pagesfor what it really is, for it’s history, it’s people, it’s culture, it’s landmarks and many more (1). Our warm culture, our contagious smile, our country s natural beauty, and our resilience are what set us apart from the rest. After Cuba Hispaniola is the second-largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of 76,192 square kilometers; the Dominican Republic ruling 48,440 square kilometers of the eastern portion of the island is twice as big as Haiti occupying 27,750 square kilometers of theRead MoreLatin Americ The Era Of Colonization2711 Words   |  11 Pagesera of colonization. Latin America was colonized by Spain and Portugal, but mostly Spain, Portugal colonized Brazil. The failure of Latin America as a state can be attributed to the act of colonization by the Spanish and Portuguese. When Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World for the Spanish in 1492 under the rule of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, he was sent with three ships, The Nina, The Pinta, and The Santa Maria, these three ships carried European men who acted as Columbus’s crewmenRead More The United States and Cuba: An Embargo for the Ages Essay4604 Words   |  19 Pagesnations. Before analyzing the situation leading up to the Cuban embargo, it is important to look at the history of the development of the Caribbean as a whole. This means analyzing the factors that led to the modern development of islands like Hispaniola (consisting of Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, and of course Cuba. It is also essential to observe and examine the economic and social changes that resulted from these islands’ shifts from colonial outposts to independent producers.

Marcus Brutus Free Essays

Marcus Junius Brutus was the son of Marcus Junius Brutus the Elder and Servilia Caepionis. His father was killed by Pompey the Great in dubious circumstances after he had taken part in the rebellion of Lepidus; his mother was the half-sister of Cato the Younger, and later became Julius Caesar’s mistress. [2] Some sources refer to the possibility of Caesar being his real father,[3] but this is unlikely since Caesar was 15 at the time of Brutus’ birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Marcus Brutus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brutus’ uncle, Quintus Servilius Caepio, adopted him when he was a young man and Brutus was known as Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus for an unknown period of time. Brutus held his uncle in high regard[4] and his political career started when he became an assistant to Cato, during his governorship of Cyprus. [5] During this time, he enriched himself by lending money at high rates of interest. He returned to Rome a rich man, where he married Claudia Pulchra. [6] From his first appearance in the Senate, Brutus aligned with the Optimates (the conservative faction) against the First Triumvirate of Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Gaius Julius Caesar. [edit] Senate career When civil war broke out in 49 BC between Pompey and Caesar, Brutus followed his old enemy and present leader of the Optimates, Pompey. When the Battle of Pharsalus began, Caesar ordered his officers to take him prisoner if he gave himself up voluntarily, and if he persisted in fighting against capture, to let him alone and do him no violence. [7] After the disaster of the battle of Pharsalus, Brutus wrote to Caesar with apologies and Caesar immediately forgave him. In his letter Brutus declared he was a strong supporter of democracy and continually pushed it throughout the letter. citation needed] Caesar accepted him into his inner circle and made him governor of Gaul when he left for Africa in pursuit of Cato and Metellus Scipio. In 45 BC, Caesar nominated Brutus to serve as urban praetor for the following year. Also, in June 45 BC, Brutus divorced his wife and married his first cousin, Porcia Catonis, Cato’s daughter. [8][9] According to Cicero the marriage caused a semi-scandal as Brutus failed to state a valid reason for his divorce from Claudia other than he wished to marry Porcia. [10] The marriage also caused a rift between Brutus and his mother, who resented the affection Brutus had for Porcia. 11] [edit] Conspiracy to kill Caesar Main article: Assassination of Julius Caesar Death of Caesar by Vincenzo Camuccini Around this time, many senators began to fear Caesar’s growing power following his appointment as dictator for life. [12] Brutus was persuaded into joining the conspiracy against Caesar by the other senators[13]. (In William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar, he also discovers messages written on the busts of his ancestors, which have been forged by Cassius to make Brutus feel as if he were doing the right thing for Rome. This, however, may just be dramatic license on the part of Shakespeare. There is no real evidence that Cassius ever planted phony notes. ) Eventually, Brutus decided to move against Caesar after Caesar’s king-like behavior prompted him to take action. [14] [15] His wife was the only woman privy to the plot. [16][17] The conspirators planned to carry out their plot on the Ides of March (March 15) that same year. On that day, Caesar was delayed going to the Senate because his wife, Calpurnia Pisonis, tried to convince him not to go. [18] The conspirators feared the plot had been found out. 19] Brutus persisted, however, waiting for Caesar at the Senate, and allegedly still chose to remain even when a messenger brought him news that would otherwise have caused him to leave. [20] When Caesar finally did come to the Senate, they attacked him. Publius Servilius Casca was allegedly the first to attack Caesar with a blow to the shoulder, which Caesar blocked. [21] However, upon seeing Brutus was with the conspirators, he covered his face with his toga and resigned himself to his fate. [22] The conspirators attacked in such numbers that they even wounded one another. Brutus is said to have been wounded in the hand. [23][24] [edit] After Caesar’s assassination Marcus Junius Brutus After the assassination, the Senate passed an amnesty on the assassins. This amnesty was proposed by Caesar’s friend and co-consul Marcus Antonius. Nonetheless, uproar among the population caused Brutus and the conspirators to leave Rome. Brutus settled in Crete from 44 to 42 BC. [citation needed] In 43 BC, after Octavian received his consulship from the Roman Senate, one of his first actions was to have the people that had assassinated Julius Caesar declared murderers and enemies of the state. 25] Marcus Tullius Cicero, angry at Octavian, wrote a letter to Brutus explaining that the forces of Octavian and Mark Antony were divided. Antony had laid siege to the province of Gaul, where he wanted a governorship. In response to this siege, Octavian rallied his troops and fought a series of battles in which Antony was defeated. [26] Upon hearing that neither Antony nor Octavian had an army big enough to defend Rome, Brutus rallied his troops, which totaled about 17 legions. When Octavian heard that Brutus was on his way to Rome, he made peace with Antony. 27] Their armies, which together totaled about 19 legions, marched to meet Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. The following battles are known as the Battle of Philippi. The First Battle of Philippi was fought on October 3, 42 BC, in which Brutus defeated Octavian’s forces, although Cassius was defeated by Antony’s forces. The Second Battle of Philippi was fought on October 23, 42 BC and ended in Brutus’ defeat. After the defeat, he fled into the nearby hills with only about four legions. Knowing his army had been defeated and that he would be captured, Brutus committed suicide. Among his last words were, according to Plutarch, â€Å"By all means must we fly; not with our feet, however, but with our hands. † Brutus also uttered the well-known verse calling down a curse upon Antony (Plutarch repeats this from the memoirs of Publius Volumnius): Forget not, Zeus, the author of these crimes (in the Dryden translation this passage is given as Punish, great Jove, the author of these ills). [28] Plutarch wrote that, according to Volumnius, Brutus repeated two verses, but Volumnius was only able to recall the one quoted. Antony, as a show of great respect, ordered Brutus’ body to be wrapped in Antony’s most expensive purple mantle (this was later stolen and Antony had the thief executed). Brutus was cremated, and his ashes were sent to his mother, Servilia Caepionis. [29] His wife Porcia was reported to have committed suicide upon hearing of her husband’s death, although, according to Plutarch (Brutus 53 para 2), there is some dispute as to whether this is the case: Plutarch states that there is a letter in existence that was allegedly written by Brutus mourning the manner of her death. How to cite Marcus Brutus, Papers

House On Mango Street (994 words) Essay Example For Students

House On Mango Street (994 words) Essay House On Mango StreetAs a young girl, Esperanza is a young girl who looks at life from experience ofliving in poverty, where many do not question their experience. She is a shy,but very bright girl. She dreams of the perfect home, with beautiful flowers anda room for everyone. When she moves to the house of Mango Street, reality is sodifferent than the dream. In this story, hope (Esperanza) sustains tragedy. Thehouse she dreamed of was another on. It was one of her own. One where she didnot have to share a bedroom with everyone. That included her mother, father andtwo siblings. The run down tiny house has bricks crumbling inplaces. The one she dreamed of had a great big yard, trees and grassgrowing without a fence. She did not want to abandon where she came from, butshe knew she wanted to be free of everything that life on Mango Street brought. They will not know I have gone away to come back. For the ones I have leftbehind. She is committed to her roots on Mango Street. We witnessEsperanza blossoming from a innocent, shy girl to one who witnesses much, butall of this makes her strong and clear about her desires for her life. What shesees is the male domination (machismo), violence and rape. The violence in thehome was ordinary to those that lived there and Esperanza knew this. It didntmake Sally stronger. Sally is abused by her father He never hit mehard, as her mom tends to her wounds. Sally eventually leaves home andgets married at a young age. She ends being abused, instead by the fist, by mindcontrol. Her new husband treats her like a prisoner in her home. She sitsat become afraid to go outside. The leave home, she would need permission. She evolves from a victim of child abuse to a slave-like wife. Esperanza seesthis despair throughout her story. In My Name, She looked out thewindow her whole life, they way so many women sit, with their sadness on anelbow. Abuse to Rafaela, again subtle because she does not go out, in fearof husband. Poverty on Loomis, Keeler and Paulina; poverty is a way of life. Theimpact is for all generations, the parents who cannot get out, the children thatsee it and the little ones who cannot know any better. The opportunities arelimited in the barrio. Esperanza was embarrassed when she pointed to her housethere. There?, as if there was no place for a girl tolive. But survival is instinctive and there is a certain amount of barrio prideThose who dont know any better come into our neighborhood scared. Theythink we are dangerous. They think we will attack them with shiny knives. Theyare stupid people who are lost and got here by mistake. The victim ofbeing called a rice sandwich. Hurt by the si ster superior as shepoints to a row of ugly houses reminding Esperanza of the sin of being poor. Machismo is something seen in the domestic situations throughout Hispanicpeople. The violence, the subservience that is expected and the men believe thewomen are second and are second class citizens. There role is to be domestichousekeepers and to birth children. Alicia makes tortillas for her father. WhenEsperanza is raped, she is again taught of the power of (some) men. Butthroughout her growth Esperanza gets very clear that she will not live as thosearound she sees. She wants independence. She knew getting out would help herachieve her dreams. She was motivated but everything she experiences. She learnsabout trust when Sally told her the circus would be fun, only to be raped. Hershyness (eating alone in the company lunchroom), and about being gullible. InCathy Queen of hearts, Cathy says, father will have to fly France and findher cousin and inherit the house. She believes that everything will begood. But she feels incredibly stupid for not for not knowing better. But shedoes lear n. When she learns that the box, is a music box. She is ashamed for notknowing. Despite all this, she knows enough to know that a better life is thelive she will create. She sees herself as scrawny and unattractive. Skinnynecks and pointed elbows like mine dont belong here, but are here. Butthe metaphor for the tress, she will grow despite the concrete and will notforget to reach. She is a determined young woman with esparenze and she willlay new roots and you are convinced she will not only make it, but will returnfor the others. Cisneros allows us to see why women need to dream and create thegood reality that they are capable of living. She addresses oppression, familyand religious roles and is clear about the 2nd class status of women, but sheknows there is more out there. I was blessed, having been raised in afinancially rich and very sheltered environment. I work in a city where povertyis present, today and witness families living together, girls and boyssupporting their parent s, sending money south of the border, all to survive. Noone complains, but there is clearly a vicious cycle, as the family is soimportant, many young one aspire to have families and do. They do no realize howexpensive life is until they are older, and then their little ones are placed inthe same cycle. I did experience and old fashioned father who was verydominating and did not treat girls very respectfully. It was very difficult togain his respect and approval, if that is possible. I learned that men make thedecisions and women are not to doubt the man. We were never allowed to say no,or ask why. There was must physical abuse, as a way to control us. As an adult Iam sensitive to the fact that my father knew no better, even thought he scarsare still there. This story, as I read it again and again, made me feel thatmany girls are dreamers and have their innocence shattered by the reality oflife. Whether rich or poor, belief systems can be shattered, but not hopes.

Wellness and Wellbeing free essay sample

Our centre aims to offer and provide a secure, loving and stimulating environment in which the individual needs of each child can be met. We provide a special regard for the cultural, language and ethnic needs of all the children and their families. Because of these classes and courses that we were required to take, I consider myself to be somewhat knowledgeable on the subject of human health. I learned about the six dimensions of health and understood that there was more to being a healthy person than being well physically. In addition, I will discuss how I will make changes to improve that health dimension in the future. Finally, I will discuss what I want to learn in this course to help me lead a healthy lifestyle. Background: This report is here to introduce the different types of health and to explain the importance of each health. This report have a big impact to educators, children and their families as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Wellness and Wellbeing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Six dimensions of health have been identified as Physical Health, Intellectual Health, Social Health, Emotional Health, Environmental Health and Spiritual Health. However all of these need to be a part of life (Donatelle, R. (2006). Promoting Health behavior change, In Access to health (9th ed,) (pp. 3-37). San Francisco : Benjamin Cummings. 1) Physical Health encourages participation in regular physical activities which improve cardiovascular strength and endurance, flexibility and muscular strength. 2) Intellectual health- encourages continued learning, problem solving and creativity. This dimension involves improving verbal skills, keeping abreast of social and political issues and reading books, magazines, and newspapers. The act of knowing and questioning to know keeps the mental state busy enhancing self-esteem and positive attitudes. 3) Social Health- encourages in taking an active part in improving the community by supporting a healthy living environment and initiating better communication with others, Becoming more aware of your importance in society, improving our world by encouraging healthy lifestyles and initiating better communication with those around you. 4) Emotional Health- involves in feeling positive and enthusiastic about ourselves and life, in general. Development in this dimension includes recognition of feelings and the ability to manage feelings, being able to develop autonomy, maintain satisfying relationships and the ability to cope with stress. Being aware of and accepting a wide range of feelings about yourself and others. 5) Environmental Health includes living in harmony with the Earth by understanding the impact of your interaction with nature and your personal environment, and taking action to protect the world around you. 6) Spiritual Health- includes developing a deep appreciation and acceptance for things that cannot be completely understood. It involves the tolerance of values and beliefs of others and participating in activities that are consistent with personal values. Wellness and Wellbeing are important because it has to consider the concept of the ‘Whole Child’. (Kearns, K. amp; Austin, B. (2010). The importance of early childhood development learning starts in infancy, long before formal education begins, and continues throughout life. Discussion: Today, we are growing more aware of the negative effects illness and stress have on the human body. We are also becoming aware of the necessary steps needed to be healthy and accomplish a longer life span. With the ever-growing number of diseases around the human population, it is imperative that humans realize the importance of being healthy. People believe health is attained by just eating healthy foods, and exercising but that is not the case. World Health Organization (WHO), in 1948, cited in Hayden amp; Macdonald, 2000), health was defined as being a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. All of these elements must be present in a human being in order to be truly healthy. In order to accomplished all these dimensions, the partnerships are also needed between two planners and health service professionals and between educators and health professionals The purpose of this paper is to identify four of the six dimensions of health that are strongest and also two of those six that is the weakest and/or needs some improvement. In addition, this paper will also discuss a person’s decisions and habits that can be made to improve on personal health and discuss what should be learned in the course to assist in a healthier lifestyle. The four dimensions of health that our centre are very strong at, they are physical health, social health, environmental health and emotional health and the other two dimensions of health that our centre needs to improve at, they are the intellectual health and spiritual health. 1) The physical benefits of looking good and feeling great often lead to psychological benefits of enhanced self-esteem, self-control, determination and stronger sense of direction. Our centre encourage all children to play together during their outdoor play using their gross and fine motor skills, examples like; paddling bicycle, play in the sand pit, water play, flowering the flowers in the garden, plays with the swings etc. We encourage them to walk with their dog at home or even cook with their families and friends. *We also kept a record on each child’s immunisation updated from the hospital or child clinics. (McMurray, A. (2007), page 168, Goals for child health). ) Social health includes contributing time and/or money to community projects, participating in recycling and other conservation efforts and developing harmony within your family. It also includes a person’s hygiene practices too, in our centre we have a ‘Health and Safety’ policy, it states all the importance of hygiene practices such as, use handgloves and mask while nappy changing, washing hands before and after snacks, etc. (Hayden, J. , amp; Macdonald, J. J. (2000). (Pg35. ) I have another suggestions, I decided to promote tooth brushing with the children whilst working in partnership with the Designed to Smile Campaign. Through the use of story time and songs they were given the information to educate them on oral health and the correct way to brush their teeth. I can see that social health are related to environmental health, it has something to do with the Wellness and Wellbeing and to do with a person’s hygiene and contributions to society by participating in recycling, etc. if one is without personal hygiene than we can’t expect one to respect and protect our nature, can you see the connection here? ) Environmental health- leading a lifestyle that is respectful to our environment and minimizes any harm done to it is a critical part of this dimension of wellness. Engage in environmentally responsible activities, keep the company of Healthy People and Maximize Personal Harmony with the Earth while minimizing harm to it. The environment inside our centre’s very colourful, this is to spice up the room’s area, make it an environment friendly place where others feel comfortable in, reduce noise and pollution and keep ourselves and the children safe. Here are some of the examples of how/what my centre’s do to promote this health; * Recently our centre had organized a ‘beach clean up’ day to support the awareness of communities. (The Jubilee Park, 9th March 2012) *Our centre also had organized a ‘Million Trees Project’, this includes other companies and banks such as PTAS, The Baiduri Bank, etc. *Our centre also provide the Pond/ Tree Nursery Club- A group of students have volunteered to help out once a week on a Wednesday afternoon to support some of the school based eco projects. At the back of Rm 25 is the school pond. This requires regular clearing and after a few years of adding new life to the pond, the dividends are paying off. Every week leaves need clearing from the pond to allow the wildlife to grow and the students generally help with the maintaining of the area. For more info, please visit this websites: http://www. isb. edu. bn/index. php/all-about-isb/isb-a-the-envoirment/dummy-item. In this website, you will be able to find that our centre’s very strong in this area. 4) Emotional health- Everyday we need to come into our centre with a happy smile, we often leave our moody feelings at home. We need to show children the positive sides of us in order to teach them the positive ways of life. When we communicate with children, we will bend down and look into their eyes and make sure we are listening to them and responding in a proper manner. We actively communicate to children’s feelings by asking them to express their feelings through sketching, painting, singing, dancing, writing, drawing, etc. We allow them to be in their own for a moment and then ask for informations regarding what has happened? And then we approach the child and tell her that she can cry if she need to, laugh if she wants to and all feelings are okay. Now we will discuss the other two dimensions which I think my centre can do more to improve in. They are the intellectual health and spiritual health. 5) Intellectual health- I guess our centre’s not very strong in this area, yes, we provide them with verbal skills by communicating freely with all children but in relation to social and political issues, we gave them the magazines and books to read but not newspapers. We never discuss about what is happening to the world outside. We need to implement this into our centre by joining or taking classes offered in our community or even participate in something contrary to our strengths and comfort level. Do you see that a person’s view is very important and it has a big impact to the whole school/centre? 6) Spiritual Health Ones state of personal belief, however touchy adds to a persons sense of who he is and his place in the world; when this issue remains unresolved one gets that feeling of being out of touch as meaning and purpose are hard to confront when lofty questions about existence come to haunt. Here are some ways to improve in; * Take quiet time to meditate, think or just breathe. * Nourish yourself through personal beliefs, morals, and/or religion. Develop a philosophy of life that you want to live by. Find purpose in life and meaning in the little things you do everyday. * Make a list of what you value most in life and keep it somewhere to reflect upon. * Meditate, pray, practice visualization, and/or maintain a yoga routine. Conclusion: Based on my discussions, I have mentioned four health that my centre are doing very well in, which are physical health, social health, emotional health and environmental health. Whereas my centre are not really great at supporting children in the other two health that needs improvement at, they are intellectual health and spiritual health. I do think that our centre can put more effort in ways to make it even better! In particular, social health my centre provide good hygiene practices but I think we can put some more ideas in by arranging a trip, a visit to the dental clinic, where all children are able to know and see that they need to keep their own personal hygiene by brushing their teeth everyday and this will link to their everyday life. Educators fail to recognize and respond to the values of intellectual and spiritual health, as such children may not be able to actively engage in this certain areas to enhance their other skills. For instance, for spiritual health, how can a person enhance their spiritual beliefs if he kept himself away from going out. In Brunei, most of our community are muslims(their religion), they go to mosque to pray and join the community. Children have no rights to entre for some reasons of their own cultural beliefs, I do think that we all have a place where we belong, no matter what age level we are! Recommendations: Based on my conclusions, I did mention about the need for improvement in intellectual and spiritual health, my great concern would be children’s spiritual health and to this particular conclusion might be that the centre will: * Develop a philosophy for our children, maybe a small room just for them to have their own quiet time, feeling a sense of their own cultural beliefs by placing a carpet on for them to kneel down while praying. * If possible, a visit to the mosque to see and feel their spiritual beliefs and are able to see the correct ways to pray and experience it. Educators can implement an activity for children after the visit to the mosque, by asking the children to draw or write what they can see in the mosque and their own beliefs or a goal to achieve, put it in a small box and whenever the children forgot about this they can always look inside the box to refresh their memories. Here are some of my recommendations as to how my centre can extend some more good practices to enhance and extend children’s Wellness and Wellbeing! The end.

Concept Testing

Concept Testing My innovative business idea concerns the introduction of a new product in the market which is aimed at reducing the deaths of American soldiers during war together with other innocent civilians. The product shall be marketed under the brand name Sham-lethal detector. A lot of research will be put in the development of the device which utilizes the latest technology. In addition, the product will not only be able to detect explosive devices but also landmines that are mostly found in war torn areas especially Iraq and Afghanistan. As a result, this will enhance reduction of the number of casualties that often occur during war which have recently been on the increase. For instance, the US troops based in Afghanistan who were also on a search mission to find and destroy those places (caves) that were mostly the inhabitants of Taliban and Al-Qaeda found out that there were a number of unexploded ordnance in the caves and this poses a greater risk and danger to their lives as well as those of other civilians. This device will also have intelligent and advanced signal sensors which will have the ability to detect any danger within a fraction of a second and within the radius of 150 metres. By this, the military or soldiers will be in a position to identify their positions as regards their battle locations in addition to enemy and friendly forces as this will enable the soldiers to locate their positions hence less mistakes are made. Moreover, this product (Sham-lethal detector) can also be able o deactivate explosives that are intended to harm human beings just before they reach their intended targets. Since success of an enemy equipped with explosives highly depends on effective between acompliances, such a device should be able to jam communication and therefore this means that the suspects will be able to be upheld at a faster rate and a wider coverage is guaranteed since the device can be used in groups or individually. In addition, the product is designed in accordance to safety provisions and does not present any known harm to the handler. It is versatile and all weather hence less dangerous. Since it is a small electronic device, it is portable and will weigh only a half kilogramme and therefore it is not a burden to soldiers who have to shoulder heavy loads in terms of suppliers. The product will also cost less compared to other similar products in the market and this means that it can be afforded by a w ide range of consumers. In the market analysis, intend to assess the future and current market (s), positioning, competitive conditions and any regulatory concerns that may exist in United States as well as other markets. Our entire market consists of United States, Britain and the Middle East Countries. The segment market will constitute the military, airlines and VIPs. Targeting may occur in two main phases. The first one concerns the single segment which consists of a single product. This is whereby a single product is targeted by a marketer and this takes place in a market and consists of many segments. On the other hand, the second phase relates to a situation whereby a single product is aimed at the available market segments as a whole by a marketer. In this case, less importance is placed on differentiation as compared to cost. In addition, there is also the multi segment system of approach whereby different segments in the market are target by a marketer and this also includes various products that are differentiated. This product will take on the second phase. This therefore means that the target market is bound to perceive the introduction of this product as a good thing and the demand for this product will also be high because there are a lot of casualties as a result of effectiveness of suicide bombers in penetrating security systems unnoticed. The economic background for our target market is also good as these economies are strong consisting of individuals who have above average earnings hence their capability of purchasing this product. The product is intended to curtail the increasing numbers of killings that have been occurring in war torn countries resulting to several deaths of human beings consisting of innocent civilians and the police or military who are on a mission to creating peace in these areas and fighting off the enemy especially terrorists who often carry out illegal activities in these countries. As regards the marketing strategy, customers are the focal point as concerns the purchasing of products that organizations worldwide promote, develop, price and distribute hence this call for proper definition of the product so as to enhance and maximize consumer satisfaction. The marketing strategy for Sham-lethal detector will constitute the four elements of marketing mix which include product, price, place and promotion so as too create effective management decisions in order to attain stated objective of the product which is to reduce the number of casualties in the battle fields. They will be blended in an optimal manner by the firm with an objective of getting a positive response from the consumer in the market place. This is because these four variables play the vital role in the decision making process by management. Products could either be goods or services that are available for consumer consumption. As concerns product decisions, the decisions that will be made may be based on appearance, service function, warranty and packaging among others. For this product, the main service function will be to reduce the number of deaths during war and also to ensure that the unmet needs of various customers are achieved. As regards pricing decisions, the need could occur under a number of specific circumstances for different types of products and services. For the existing brand or product, the decision can incorporate increases, reductions and holding price. The major circumstances in which pricing decision need to be made are: new product introduction, changes in external circumstances e.g. competitive action in raising and lowering of prices, raw material tax or any duty changes, promotion, changes in the market structure, as well as other internal changes arising from new processes. It is therefore vital for decisions made on the pricing and the profit margins of products discounts, financing and other various options such as leasing also constitute primary decisions. For this product, pricing decision and strategy, the decision m ade will use the method of low-end targeting. This will enhance the provision of this product at relatively low prices so that majority of military personnel and organizations in the case of this product, the cost will be decided after a careful analysis of market prices for similar products. The price objective will be to give consumers best value for their money by offering high quality product. The product will also be affordable so as to meet the overall goal of reducing the number of casualties suffered as a direct result of explosives. In addition, a competitive price will be offered for the product and it only be sold through authorized dealers (wholesale) as individual units will not be encouraged. Placement decisions are mostly linked to various marketing channels of distribution, which often provide the means for transferring these products so that they can get to the specified customers. Decisions that concern distribution include logistics, channel member selections, levels of service and market coverage. For this product, we shall source for well known arm dealers licensed to operate in the United States and who have branches in the named segment markets. These dealers will be charged with the responsibility of distributing this product to various destinations so that potential consumers can access this product. Other products will be donated to United Nations whereby there are a lot of military personnel as they embark on their peace keeping mission. If commanders like them, they may influence procurement offers back at home. On the other hand, decisions that are made relating to selling and communication towards potential consumers are referred to as promotion decisions. These decisions require a breakeven analysis as these costs may be large. The promotion strategy for this product will be based on brand image, advertisements and commercials that will be available to all. Promotions will also be conducted through military shows and exhibitions for countries in the entire market. Moreover, advertising is a vital tool which will be used in the marketing communication mix. The communication as a result of advertising will be directed to various consumers through the mass media as this is a quickest form of communication as compared to other elements that exist in the marketing communication mix for instance personal selling which requires briefing or recruitment of the entire force that exists in sales. Therefore the integrated marketing communication mix for this product consists of public relations, internet promotion as well as marketing, brands, merchandise, sales promotion, direct marketing, advertising packaging and all these aimed at enhancing the sale of this device. This product provides a number of strengths to the consumers in the market place. The product has a ready market since its objective is to attain the unmet needs of consumers. This is also a unique product with a strong brand and its design is also superior. This superiority in design makes the demand for this product to be high. In addition, this product will be within reach of the intended target market and the special features that it has are as a result of well carried out research and development. However, this Sham-lethal detector possesses some weakness. The product may be expensive for some consumers and it can only cover a radius of 150 metres within the target location. The device might not be easily identifiable since it is a new product in the market. The other weakness relates to lack of marketing expertise since the product is just about to be introduced in the market. Lastly, the product is undifferentiated and this means that its supply may be limited. This device also provides a lot of opportunities for consumers. Such opportunities include ready markets internationally; there is room for expansion as regards research, product reinvention. Lastly, this device also provides opportunities for mergers and joint ventures in the near future. The threats that may be evident as regards the device include price wars that could exist among different competitors and this may greatly influence. The threat of background of the targeted military contracts may also be evident or a competitor could also be having an innovative product which is new. In addition, the brand quality may also decrease in the future hence allowing other competitors to gain entry. There are also a number of devices that already exists in the market which is mostly used by the military personnel in reducing the number of deaths that occur in battle fields. Such devices include warlock red. Warlock Green. The SHORTSTOP Electronic Protection Systems (SEPS) among others. The SHOTSTOP is an RF Fuse that is also a counter measure and it has the capacity of detonating incoming motor wounds and artillery. This device is used in protecting friendly vehicles, ground troops, equipment which could be on fire. This system was built by CA to be used as a response resulting from artillery threat that may come from Iraqis during the Gulf war. Warlock Green/ Red is a protection system used for lifesaving. The device has also been used in countering any threats that may arise from explosive devices. Despite the existence of these similar products in the market, Sham-lethal detector is still the product too choose because of its superiority in technology and the competitive prices that it has in store to offer.

The Road to Hell Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Road to Hell Case Study - Essay Example The stiffness could have been because of the seriousness with which Baker spoke that day. He gave it the meaning that Rennalls was struggling with racist attitudes and using the assumption that his (Baker’s) age and experience gave him advantage, concluded that Rennalls needed help. When Renalls did not admit to allegations of racism, Baker concluded that he was either afraid to face the truth or not willing to confess. This caused him to resort to the belief that Europeans would continue holding senior positions in the company and Barracanians remaining at the base if the latter did not learn to get along well with expatriates. After having climbed all these rungs, he climbed the last one of trying to make Renalls admit to charges of racism. His last attempt at trying to show Rennalls the need to face the challenge of racism only served to depict him (Baker) as one who looked down on Barracanians. The differences he drew between Europeans and Barracanians came across as boasting about his

Mcdonald's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mcdonald's - Research Paper Example In fact McDonalds has different Facebook accounts in different countries in which the company operates. â€Å"The McDonald’s US page has more than 27m fans, and its local market pages have all attracted several hundred thousand ‘likes’†(Moth). Even though McDonalds was able to attract millions of people through its Facebook pages, the company is not much interested in posting too many contents on its pages. â€Å"McDonald’s generally posts fewer than five updates a month yet each one attracts several thousand ‘likes’ and comments, which is more than the brands that posts several times per day† (Moth). The company believes that too much postings may bring too little benefits to the company. It should be noted that today’s consumers are living in a world of advertisements. In fact they were fed up with watching meaningless ads. McDonalds knows this consumer psychology very well and places its ads and posts only sparingly in front of the public through its Facebook pages. On the other hand the company is keen on maintaining frequent updates in its Facebook pages in order to avoid the loss of attraction from the public. Unlike many of its competitors, McDonald’s is not much bothered about responding to the comments made by the people through its Facebook pages. The company believes that responding to user comments through Facebook pages may bring more harm than good. At the same time, the company is keen on informing the people about all its product promotions, offers and discounts. McDonald’s has recently conducted a Facebook campaign asking people to take their lunch hour back and enjoy it at McDonald’s. They used different posts for the success of this campaign. Some of them were simple photo images, and the others were questions, and video posts. This campaign was a big success for the company† Click-through rates of content-related interactions are currently more successful

Why should we care about child poverty in the uk Essay

Why should we care about child poverty in the uk - Essay Example According to Burns(2013)â€Å"In terms of local authorities, Tower Hamlets in London had the highest levels of child poverty, with 42% of children growing up in poverty†. Being developed nation child poverty indicates the incompetence and inefficiency of United Kingdom in the eyes of world. As per Save the Children (2012)â€Å"In Britain today there are a shocking 1.6 million children living in severe poverty†. A nation with comprehensive government agenda and public health policy need to give much attention to health and quality of living of young generation in their country. Child poverty in UK also shows the low wages of its citizen. As per BBC(2012)â€Å" A child is considered to be living in poverty if their household income is less than 60% of averages wages†. So child poverty is a matter of significance as it is a call to the nation for the alteration of policies of public health and welfare of a nation. Child poverty in UK is a subject to be pondered about as it is a concern for the future development of the country. Child poverty is a serious factor which afflicts the health and wellbeing of a child. When a child is mentally and physically impoverished, then the education of the child and his personality is in question. According to (Save the children)â€Å"Malnutrition is the underlying cause of at least a fifth of maternal mortality and more than a third of child deaths globally†. The poverty steals away nourishment, health, living status and education from a child. A child without education is a weakest link of a nation, society and family. So child poverty in UK is a serious issue. As per Barnardos(2013) â€Å"There are currently 3.6 million children living in poverty in the UK†. Child poverty is a shame on the economic status of a nation. If a child is not protected by government, then the country has no authentic responsibility towards its nation.

Effects of health and education on income distribution in Malaysia

Effects of health and education on income distribution in Malaysia 1.0 CHAPTER 1 THE EFFECT OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY IN MALAYSIA. Background Of study Health and education is the two important components of human capital. This becomes the most important needs to Malaysian people because health and education have a strong relationship between the income distribution and the level of poverty in Malaysia. Besides that, the health status and educational level are use in measured the level of income and the level of poverty in a country. Problem Statement The specific problem statement of this study is shown below: There is a strong relationship between health status and education level on the income distribution and poverty in Malaysia. There is a gap of the income distribution between the educated and healthy people with the low-income and unhealthy people in Malaysia. Income inequality and poverty is not satisfactory in Malaysia. Research Objective To identify the relationship of health and education on income level and poverty in Malaysia. To determine whether education level gives impact on income level and poverty in Malaysia. To identify the factors of poverty in Malaysia. Scope and limitation of the study This study was focus on identifying and investigates whether health and education affect the income level and poverty in Malaysia. To examine and determine this relationship, it is important to measure the significant of each of the variables related to this study. Other than that, this study will cover and use the data from 2005 until 2009 in Malaysian country. The data areas are the real per capita gross domestic product (GDP), public spending on expenditure (percent of GDP), total enrolment in primary school and life expectancy of birth. The data are obtained from Department of statistics Malaysia and World Development Indicators (World Bank). significance of the problem This paper is important to the economic development in Malaysia as this study will help the government to identify and determine the important area that need to be improved in order to reduce income inequality and solve poverty. Other than that, this paper also can help the Malaysian communities to improve themselves by showing them the important of higher education level which is the important factors contribute to higher income level. Chapter outline In chapter 1, we will discuss about the introduction of this study. We will know a little bit about the important of health and education. After conducting this study, we will determine the problem and after that we can develop the objectives of this study. Lastly, we can determine the scope and limitation while conducting this study. Chapter 2 discuss about the relevant literature review. We explained the variable in this chapter which are the health, educational level, income inequalities and poverty. The conceptual framework also included to explain the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables. Chapter 3 explain about the data and methodology. This refers to the data used, the population and sampling methods that was very important to this study. From the data that we find, we can analyze the data and make a hypothesis. After that we can test the data. 2.0 CHAPTER 2 2.1 Introduction As we looking at the present condition in our country, we can see that there is a strong relationship between the health and education level with Malaysian communities income distribution and poverty. This can be simplified as, there is a gap between the income distribution of the educated and healthy people with the poor and unhealthy people in Malaysia. This problem caused by some factors or variables that contribute to the income inequalities and poverty. Because of that, the government and the communities itself should identify and determine any areas that should be improved and find some suggestion to solve or reduce this problem. So that, we clearly see that the best way to reduce and improve this situation is to improve the health and education status in Malaysia as this is the common factors in determining the income level and poverty level in one place. After do some reading and find some literature review related to this situation, this study presents the investigation of t he effect of the two important components in human needs which are the health and education on the income distribution and poverty in Malaysia. 2.0 Theoretical Framework Health Status Education level DEPENDENT VARIABLE -Income inequality -Poverty Level of Savings 2.3 Literature Review There is an effect of health and education on income distributions and poverty in many areas in this world. This can be explained through some relevant literature review. Other than health and education level, the level of savings also categorized as the main factors affecting the income distribution and poverty. The problem of the income inequality and poverty is affected by health and education has investigated. According to Bakhtiari and Meisami (2009), the level of education, level of income, savings and health status can affect the income inequality and poverty. The higher educated people have more opportunities to earn more money or income. Other than that, the more literate people tend to have high awareness with their health and seeking medical when they ill. The finding of this paper is boosting the health and education status in Islamic countries will reduce the income inequality and poverty in Islamic countries. This paper also stated that Practical implications show that this empirical examination can help the Islamic countries government to identify any areas that should be improved in order to reduce the income inequality and alleviate poverty. Furthermore, this strategies help government to identify areas that should be improved upon in order to reduce income inequality and red uce poverty line. To explain the facts that there are some important determinants of poverty and income distribution in developing countries, Dao M.Q (2007), use a sample of 40 developing countries in the world, it was found that some of the population below the poverty line is linearly depends on the human capital such as health, nutrition, and formal education. All of this is the components of improvements in the development of one country. This means that this human capital reduce income inequalities and poverty. After that, they also use 35 developing countries to measure and it was found that income inequality linearly affected by the same explanatory variables but other than that, the infant mortality rate and the primary school completion rate also affect poverty and income level. Bastos et.al (2010), Research has been done to the children in Portugal to investigate the profile of income-poor children and the results obtained states that 25 percent of them are at risk of poverty. They are from the low income families and this will influence the culture on their eating habits. This contributes to the facts that the people from the lower socio-economic groups do not eat healthily. Mackereth C.J et.al also do some research on the culture of eating for the low income families and it also found the same results as Bastos et.al where they are not eat healthily and eating whatever available in front rather than cooking the healthy food. It is because they dont have enough resources and lack of time. The relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and health status also has been identified by Drakopoulos S.A et.al (2010). The result shows that the socioeconomic deprivation of child has negative effects on our health especially on our working stage. Our psychological health will decrease slowly because of this deprivation. Another results found from Habibov N.N (2010) regarding the low-income transitional countries and this also prove that health status and education level can influence the self-perceived social stratification in the multi-country like Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. It is stated that the most affordable variables in increasing the income level of the low-income transitional countries are health status and education because this is the factors of growing the effectiveness of one country and improve the level of low-income people. In his research, Adjaye, J.A (2004), examine whether the income inequality affect health. The relationship between these two variables has become the major problem in our daily life nowadays. The result shows that the people that have low-income profiles are more likely to fall sick because they dont have enough resources to pay for the treatment and medicine. Other than that, it also found that the people from rich family can live longer than the poor family people. This can be simply stated that the higher income level we have the higher level of health we are. To prove that educational can improve the peoples income inequality, Ning, G (2010) do some investigation in China. It was found that, expand more in educational will help us to reduce the phenomena of income inequality. Other than that, one of the ways to solve the problem of poverty is to do more investment in education because this will gives high return in future. Lanaskoronskis, M. et.al (2009) found in their investigation that Reflection of higher education will contribute to the high competitiveness of a country. Competitiveness refers to the skill people, goods and services we have, or ideas can be accepted locally and international. On the other words, higher education becomes the most important areas that contribute to increase competitiveness. The common factors that contribute to the poverty can be explained through the paper of Wang, X. et al (2009) where they found that the poverty line in China are due to the lack of education that automatically causing the unemployment that will make them cannot gain enough resources to buy food. Thats why China government conduct some surveys to investigate this problem and they also found that the profile of the low-income people is unhealthy because of the lack of consumption of nutritional food in their country. Education is the humans resource to apply job and opportunities in one country. This is because education is the main source of a company, manager and employers to measure their level of income. Education is a human capital investment that gives a long-term sustainable development for them. In Benjamin, S.J et.al (2011), it was found that household income is use to measure the Malaysian people ability to enter at any higher education institution. Lack of the resources will contribute to the lack of knowledgement. Besides that the parents will face the possibility to pay the high fees for their children. This is because before this they dont take more attention on their level of education. They cannot apply a good job and after that their income is not enough to support the needs of education for their children. 3.0 CHAPTER 3 3.1 The data and methodology that we used in this study is unit root test and the Ordinary least squares (OLS) to represent the effects of health and education on income distribution and poverty. Besides that this will shows whether there is a relationship between the dependent variables and independent variables. 3.2 Data, population and sampling methods. In this paper, the data was covering the time series data from year 2005 to 2009 that is 5 years. For the population, this paper focuses on the people of 14 states in Malaysia.

English Law’s Approach to Same Sex Marriage Essay -- Law Legal Same Se

Introduction The phenomenon of same sex marriages is relatively new but is gaining popularity day by day. The notion has already been welcomed and enacted as law in different jurisdictions. However it lacks proponents within the UK legal system which is reluctant to allow such relationships to be regulated into marriages. There are two topical situations faced by English law which need to be considered: the right of same sex people to marry and the right of the transsexuals to marry a person of the opposite sex post their gender reassignment. Although English law stands in stark contrast compared to the other democratic states that have allowed same sex marriages. However there have been some recent developments in English law which demonstrate its approach towards the above two situations. This article will argue that the history of English marriage law is one in which the most provocative anxieties raised by transsexual and same sex spouses have been afforded considerable recognition. The first part of the essay outlines the reasoning of English law for non-recognition of same sex marriages celebrated overseas. While the second part points out the acknowledgement English law has afforded to transsexuals. Part-I Same sex marriages celebrated overseas Sec.11(c) of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 declares that a marriage would be void if the parties to it are not respectively male and female. Apparently this leaves no room for further argument. However there have been a number of occasions where the decision of the UK courts of not allowing recognition to same sex marriages has been challenged. A recent case decided in the High Court highlights the English stance on same sex marriages that took place outside the... ...: http://www. jstor.org/> Wright, W. 2006. The tide in favour of equality: same-sex marriage in Canada and England and Wales. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family [Online]. 20(3). Accessed 12th December 2010]. Available from World Wide Web: http://www. oxfordjournals.org/> Legislation Civil Partnership Act 2004 Family Law Act 1986 Gender Recognition Act 2004 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 Marriage act 1949 Cases Wilkinson v Kitzinger [2006] EWHC 2022 (fam) M v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2006] 2 WLR 638 Rees v UK (1986) 9 EHRR 56 Goodwin v UK [1996] ECHR 16 Corbett v Corbett [1971] P 83 W v W [2001] Fam. 111 Bellinger v Bellinger [2001] EWCA Civ. 1140 I v UK 35 Eur. Ct. H.R. 592 (2002) Parry v UK Appl. No. 4297/05 Websites http://www.wcl.american.edu http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/transsex/statement.html.

The Impact of Terrorism Enforcement on Individual Rights

The Impact of Terrorism Enforcement on Individual Rights Christine Gontarz Northern Virginia Community College Woodbridge Campus ADJ100 December 2, 2011 Professor: George DeHarde Table of Contents Introduction3 Terrorism and the First Amendment5 Early History7 The Alien and Sedition Acts of 17987 Habeas Corpus Act of 18638 World War I History9 Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 19189 Schenck v. US -9 Debs v. US10 World War II History11 Alien Registration (Smith) Act of 194011 Japanese-American Internment – Executive Order 9066 of 194211The History of Today12 Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 199612 U. S. A PATRIOT Act – 200113 Conclusion15 Works Cited17 Introduction During times of high crime, terrorism, war, and national crisis, citizens are willing to trade due process for a restriction of individual rights. At the heart of our individual rights are the first ten Amendments of the United States Constitution, the Bill of Rights. Although all the Ame ndments of the Bill of Rights were written to be of equal importance, to many Americans the most treasured is the First Amendment. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † — The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution Simply stated, the First  Amendment guarantees us the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. By examining the history of the United States, there have been times when incidents of crime, terrorism, terrorism threats, war, and national crisis have affected the rights of the people of the United States.There have been actions and reactions to those threats by the government. Restrictions were placed on citizens by limiting their rights; specifically the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Initially , the people of the United States understood the reasoning behind these limitations; however, as time went by, many felt the need to speak out about the injustices caused by the government and the restrictions of the freedoms of the people.Although the additional amendments in the Bill of Rights are of equal importance, it is the purpose of this paper to define examples of how the government has violated a the basic rights of the First Amendment during a presence or threat of terrorism in the United States. Terrorism and the First Amendment Freedom, as Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. — The Declaration of Independence is a God-given right provided to United States citizens. By declaring its independence from Great Britain and signing the Declaration of Independence, the Congress of the original thirteen colonies took its first steps to ensure its freedom from King George and British rule. Their goal, self-government and equal rights for the people (Fallon 14). It is because of British tyrannical rule that the United States Constitution was written.The United States Constitution outlined the rights of the government of the thirteen original colonies, but it was not until the Federalists and Anti-Federalists resolved their differences and adopted the Bill of Rights in 1791 that the people of the United States had the rights and freedoms they so desired to build this country. More than two hundred years later, on September 11, 2001, the United States was targeted by terrorists. This day is marked by atrocities beyond imagination. It is also on this day that many people of this generation say that the individual rights that our forefathers worked to provide have been changed forever.The attacks of September 11th have c aused the freedoms outlined in the Bill of Rights to be restricted by the enforcement of government rules and regulations; First Amendment rights limiting the freedom of speech, Fourth Amendment rights of illegal search and seizure, and Fourteenth Amendment rights of due process come to mind (although others feel that the Fifth and Sixth Amendments have also been affected). There are specific examples in United States history where the effects of terrorism enforcement have impinged individual rights.In order to relate the impact of government actions on individual rights for the sake of national security, in the name of terrorism, terrorism must be defined. According to the FBI, there is no one definition that is universally accepted by everyone (Office of Public Affairs iv). Their definition of terrorism from the Code of Federal Regulations can be defined as: â€Å"the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives† (28 C.F. R. Section 0. 85). By observing a chronological history of the United States there is evidence of terrorism since the beginning of written history. References in the Bible refer to the cleansing of entire groups of people by eliminating the city of Jericho [ (Joshua 6. 1-27) ]. There are examples of terrorism during Greek and Roman times when the first known terror organization, the Zealots of Judea, formed campaigns and carried out assassinations of Roman occupation forces and Jews whom they felt collaborated with the Romans. (Early History of Terrorism) ] Although earlier instances of terrorism impacted the rights of individuals, it was not until the adoption of the Bill of Rights that there was recourse that could be taken by the people. It was then that citizens of the United States could declare that their individual rights were violated. Early History The Alien and Sedition Ac ts of 1798 From 1789 through 1799, during the French Revolution, the United States was forced to declare a policy of neutrality to avoid becoming involved in European conflicts and being dragged into another war.Because of an impending fear of war with France and a fear that â€Å"criticism of the government was destine to topple the Constitution,† (Willis 5) the Federalist-dominated Congress of President John Adams enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 (Office of the Historian). Consisting of four acts, they introduced laws intended to suppress political opposition from Anti-Federalists. By enacting these laws, Adams was working to shield the United States from the French enemy and to protect the United States from opposition groups of Anti-Federalists.The four laws consisted of the Naturalization Act which raised the residency period of aliens from five to fourteen years, the Alien Act of 1798 which enabled the president to deport any alien (even during peacetime) if they were considered â€Å"dangerous to the safety of the US. † The Alien Enemies Act of 1798 enabled wartime arrest, imprisonment, or deportation of any alien for simply being from an enemy country. The last act, The Sedition Act made it a crime to â€Å"oppose any measure or measures of the government of the US. It also prohibited â€Å"writing, printing, uttering, or publishing any false, scandalous, and malicious writing or writings against the government of the US. It is evident that Sedition Act was the most controversial and most seriously punishable of the acts. Committing an offense against the Sedition Act was punishable by fines up the $5,000 and up to five years in prison and a second offenses were charged with a $2,000 fine and up to two years in jail.Most of those punished under the Sedition Act were journalists and politicians who aligned themselves with the Anti-Federalist party or the Jeffersonian Republicans (Willis 7). The grandson of Benjamin Franklin, B enjamin Bache who was the founder and editor of the Philadelphia General Advertiser, was the first to be charged under the Sedition Act because of his Anti-Federalist descent against John Adams and the Federalist party. Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 The presidency of Abraham Lincoln can best be described as a presidency of wartime.Just twelve hours after the president was elected, Major Robert Anderson sent Lincoln a dispatch requesting reinforcements of twenty thousand men to secure Fort Sumter from Confederate attack [ (Dirck 20) ]. It was Lincoln who set the tone for wartime presidents and he took full advantage of this power. During the height of the Civil War, Lincoln ordered a writ suspending Habeas Corpus. Lincoln’s primary focus by ordering the writ was to quell political opposition from pro-Confederate sympathizers.He justified his decision by stating â€Å"Even in such a case, would not the official oath be broken, if the government should be overthrown, when it was be lieved that disregarding the single law, would tend to preserve it? † [ (Dirck 25) ] referring to [ (Lincoln) ]. Lincoln believed that public safety was the cornerstone behind his decision. With public safety in mind, Lincoln authorized Winfield Scott to arrest anyone in â€Å"an insurrection against the laws of the United States. † [ (Dirck 25) ] referring to [ (Symonds) ] World War I HistoryEspionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918 Once again the United States and its people were preoccupied with war. In April 1917, the United States declared war on Germany and fears of espionage, anarchist activities, and the threat of terrorism loomed over the heads of the United States government. By establishing the Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918, the government prohibited the public from openly demonstrating or passing forth any information deemed to be detrimental to the military or the government during a time of war.Woodrow Wilson even gave the postmaster righ ts to restrict distribution of mail and documents that could be construed as harmful to the military of the United States . These offenses could be punishable by death. Because of the fear of harm to the nation and its citizens, the House and Senate almost passed the bill without any debate whatsoever even though the bill trampled on the freedom of speech and freedom of the press [ (Willis 14) ]. Schenck v. US – Led by Oliver Wendell Holmes, this would be the first case in which the Supreme Court handed down a ruling that constituted when the United States government could limit speech.Charles  Schenck, the general secretary of the Socialist party in Philadelphia was arrested for the distribution of political propaganda. These leaflets, which referenced the clause of the Thirteenth Amendment forbidding involuntary servitude, were directed at men who were drafted upon the passage of the Selective Service Act. Schenck encouraged draftees to â€Å"Assert Your Rights,† a nd that the people needed to stand up to the government for entering the war. The government claimed that these flyers contained â€Å"false† statements that could ultimately interfere with the effort to win the war.It was during this case that Oliver Wendell Holmes coined his most memorable rationale for the decision of the Supreme Court to be upheld in the Schenck case, noting that: â€Å"The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. † Debs v. US Eugene Debs, a founder of the Socialist Party in 1901 and a strong opponent to the â€Å"Great War,† was no stranger to speaking his mind and being imprisoned because of his actions.Debs was sentenced to jail for his role as leader of a nationwide boycott of involving the Pullman Palace Car Company in 1894. After serving a two-year prison sentence, Debs held a Sunday afternoon picnic in Canton, Ohio. During his speech, Debs, phrasing his words carefully for fear of being prosecuted by the government for his â€Å"right to free expression,† encouraged the crowd to â€Å"turn their backs on the Republican and Democratic Party† and â€Å"fight for a cause [ (Debs) ]. † Debs was arrested for violating the Espionage Act and was accused of tampering with the recruiting services of the United States.He served a ten-year sentence for his speech. World War II History Alien Registration (Smith) Act of 1940 Representative Howard W. Smith introduced the Alien Registration Act of 1940. This act required aliens to register with the government of the United States within four months of their arrival in the United States. Although the prior acts were made during times of war, the Alien Registration Act was an act proposed and adopted during peacetime [ (Willis 26 -27) ]. The main objective of the act was to thwart any attempt by the American Communist Party to weaken the government of the United States.This act made it illegal to interfere with the loyalty of military personnel, to teach to violently overthrow the United States government, or to conspire to commit or to commit prohibited acts. The act also stated that the government could confiscate materials using the search warrant provision and that punishment of these offenses could result in a conviction of up to ten years in prison and a ten thousand dollar fine. In 1948, Harry Truman invoked this act to contain Soviet supporters and had eleven leaders of the Communist Party U.S. A. indicted for violations of the Smith Act. During the prosecution of the case of Dennis v. United States, the government used the works of Karl  Marx to prove that the eleven men violated the Alien Registration Act stating that they privately planned to overthrow the government of the United States. Japane se-American Internment – Executive Order 9066 of 1942 Eleven weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Executive Order 9066 was signed by Franklin Roosevelt. â€Å"Relocation Centers† were set up across the United States.Approximately 110,000 Japanese-Americans were confined to no more than an American version of Hitler’s concentration camps. Japanese-Americans serving in the military were categorized as enemy aliens and discharged from the armed forces of the United States. Minoru Yasui was the first citizen to bring a case before the government during the time of the Internment. Yasui was denied active duty service by the United States military. Yasui purposely violated curfew orders in order to be arrested.His case, although initially based on a curfew law was brought to court and a unanimous conviction was handed down to Yasui claiming that his â€Å"racial attachments† to his Japanese roots posed a danger of espionage to the American people [ (Baker and Stack 66-68) ]. The History of Today Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 In the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, the nation was traumatized by such a deplorable act of domestic terrorism. An overwhelming public fear guided the reactions of United States and the government set limitations of individual rights to protect its people.One week after the Oklahoma City bombing, President Clinton and members of Congress swiftly approved the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty of 1996 (AEDPA). First Amendment rights were again affected. By allowing the Secretary of State to selectively define its meaning of â€Å"material support† to foreign organizations, citizens were â€Å"guilty by association† based on the purpose of their monetary contributions (Brown et al. 17-20) . The belief was that monetary and logistical contributions to an organization showed support for that organization. This was enough ammunition for the government to hold ci tizens in violation of the AEDPA.In a case brought against the Attorney General by the Humanitarian Law Project (HLP), the HLP challenged the ruling that their humanitarianism, peacekeeping training, and support of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) was in violation of the constitutionality of the material support statute. The PKK was determined to be a â€Å"terrorist organization. † By supporting a terrorist organization, the HLP could have faced extensive prison sentences if they had continued to support their mission by providing monetary and logistical contributions even though the contributions were to support peaceful acts.Eventually the HLP ceased in their support of the PKK. U. S. A PATRIOT Act – 2001 With the attack of the World Trade Center and Pentagon and the takeover of Flight 93, the scope of terrorism in the United States had changed since even the bombings in Oklahoma  City. Once thought to be a crisis of foreign countries, the United States w as now faced with a new brand of terrorist attacks unlike ever before. As a result, acts aimed at preventing further attacks and protecting the security of society were invoked.The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act), was adopted in October 2001 to assist the government in gaining information on future terror attacks. Many feel that since the adoption of the PATRIOT Act, First Amendment rights have been violated in an unprecedented way. Not only does the government have the ability to limit the size and nature of demonstrations, conduct racial profiling, but they also may limit the information which can be publicized to the citizens of the United States claiming â€Å"national security interests. The National Archives and Records Administration states that â€Å"the number of classification actions by the Executive Branch rose 14 percent in 2002 over 2001 — and declassification a ctivity fell to its lowest level in seven years. † [ (Posner 220) ] Since September 11, Arab, Muslim, and South Asian populations of the United States have been profiled based on skin color and other physical characteristics. The government has the ability to â€Å"stop, interrogate and detain individuals without criminal charge †¦ on the basis of their national origin, ethnicity and religion. (American Civil Liberties Union 1) ]. By looking at the people who were rounded up just after September 11, it is evident that racial profiling based on religion and ethnicity had taken place by the Department of Justice; a clear violation of the First Amendment. In a more recent incident in The Washington Post on October 2008, Maryland State Police revealed that as a result of surveillance operations, the names of fifty-three nonviolent activists had been placed into an unknown federal database used for the purpose of tracking terrorist suspects.The judgment by the Maryland State Police to include the activists’ names in the terrorist database was met with disapproval and was criticized by senators noting that the â€Å"law enforcement officials were oblivious to their violation of the activists' rights of free expression and association. † [ (Rein, Lisa A1) ] Conclusion Through historical records, it is evident the intent of the government in times of war is to protect its citizens and prevent aggression on the homeland.The punishment and imprisonment of citizens for First Amendment violations are based on situations when governing bodies of the United States felt threatened by acts of anarchy, Communism, terrorism, or war. In most instances, the government has been proactive by halting contrary opinions from opposing parties or seeking peacetime acts as a precautionary measure. At other times, they have been reactive by enacting laws after terrorist attacks . In either case, they have adopted rules and laws based upon the fear of the people a nd the prevention of potential attacks.Their fears have limited free speech, free assembly, free press, and have punished those for freedom of religion. Historically, as time went by and threats declined, the people of the United States became more conscious of the limitations the government had set forth. In the referenced laws and actions of this paper, court cases brought to the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of First Amendment limitations have been paramount in the repeal or retraction of these acts. The decisions in these cases prove that there is a need for a balance between individual freedoms and protection of the people.

XML and EDI essays

XML and EDI essays The internet is analogous to a very large library where all the books are scattered on the floor. This is because it contains so much information, but there is no organizational system for sorting through the information. "Many people have expended a lot of time and effort over the years to try to put some order into this chaos but with varying degrees of success." (Wiseman 113). The eXtensible Markup Language, or XML, aims to take on the electronic clutter and organize it in a way that everyone can use. Although XML promises to bring drastic organizational changes to the internet, it is not a new concept. In fact, businesses have been using "a collection of standard message formats and element dictionaries to exchange data" for the past twenty-five years (Wiseman 114). This type of formatting for electronic commerce is called Electronic Data InterchangeEDIand has allows businesses to trade information necessary to their functioning. It is for this reason that XML has sometimes been called "the poor man's EDI" or "EDI for everyone," XML brings organization to the common man's electronic world, while EDI has structured corporate commerce since the dawn of the information age. EDI's foundations can be traced back to 1948 "during the Berlin airlift when Ed Guilbert of the Department of Defense spearheaded the Transportation Data Coordinating Committee." (Rifkin 29). This group needed to get various modes of transportation to share data like schedules and coordinate with each other to effectively deliver supplies. The establishment of this group eventually led to the formation of the X12 committee, which was accredited by the American National Standards institute in 1979. "Large petroleum, banking, transportation, and retailing companies and the federal government soon began using X12 EDI to provide electronic forms and messages for shipping...

Castaway and Into the wild Research Paper Example

Castaway and Into the wild Research Paper Example Castaway and Into the wild Paper Castaway and Into the wild Paper Essay Topic: Into the Wild Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer and Castaway, directed by Robert Zemeckis, both describe and explain the journey of two young men while living in the wild, and the mountains they must climb to achieve their main goal: survival. However, both men go through entirely different experiences for different reasons. Chris McCandless, from Into the Wild, decides to leave everything he has and to go on a journey through the United States, which takes him to Alaska. There he spend his days on an abandoned bus. He lives a very comfortable life style compared to Chuck Noland from Castaway. Chuck doesnt have a comfortable shelter, cooking devices or washing abilities that McCandless has. More importantly, the reasons why they are on their journeys are entirely different. McCandless chose to be in Alaska and to live on the land. Nolands plane crashed into the ocean, which forced him to be stranded alone on an island. Throughout these two stories, Robert Zemeckis still comes to the conclusion that when a man is trying to survive and when his life is in danger, he will do anything to live. I agree with this, I feel anyone would try to survive with all their might. Life is not something just to throw away. Noland has experiences on the island which overall force him to survive. When first becoming stranded on the island, Noland seems terrified. Its seen as ironic because just before he was portrayed as a fearless and self-confident employee of a mainstream shipping company. Nolands first gut feeling when arriving on the island is to collect all the wreckage from his plane that floats up on shore. Zemeckis belief seems to become true at this point. After this situation, Noland collects boxes and builds his first shelter. This puts him on a mission for food, which overall forces him on a diet of coconuts and small crabs. After his first attempt of getting off the island was unsuccessful, it seems the only possible way for survival is to wait on the island for someone to rescue him. At this point, Noland decides the only way to get off the island is to live no matter what and deal with the obstacles he will have to climb over. Throughout the four years on the island, Noland generates a calendar, time system and wind patterns. Time is something thats not as easily watched on the island as it was when Noland was in civilization. Throughout his time on the island, death seems to throw itself at Noland. Receiving the skate with sharp blade, the box with angel wings, and his dead comrade from the airplane, seem to remind him of death. The thought of suicide becomes visible when Noland builds a noose out of a rope. However, the site of his fiancees picture is the only reason why Noland wants to survive. He needs human contact. He becomes so lonely living by himself that the only way for him to live and not to commit suicide is to create Wilson. He uses a volleyball as his means of socialization which over his four years on the island makes him more sane than he would be without it. However, talking with a volleyball only makes him live until his sail gets washed up on shore where he has an awakening, We might just make it. Did that thought ever cross your brain? Well regardless I would rather take my chance out there on the ocean, than to stay here and die on this shit-hole island spending the rest of my life talking to a goddamn volleyball, Noland explains to Wilson. Noland obsesses with the tide, getting off the island is now a must, Ive got to keep breathing. Because tomorrow, the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring? Noland says. At this point, he makes a raft with his new sail and breaks away from the island with the right tide. Noland returns to civilization, where has life restarts.

Brave New World and Political Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brave New World and Political Theory - Essay Example Huxley draws inspiration from many great political thinkers as well as his own understanding of human nature. The idea of Hobbes, Mills, and Aristotle all inform Huxley’s understanding of the best and worst possible results of different styles of governance, allowing him to create a fictional novel illustrating the dangers of utopian thought carried to the extreme. Hobbes, in his essay â€Å"Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery,† holds some paternal notions concerning the liberty of individuals. This and other ideas of his seem to inform the misguided government of Brave New World. Hobbes begins with the statement that men are essentially created equal. Although they may excel in one arena or another, the individual’s strengths are not so great that other influences of civilization do no level the playing field. Huxley utilizes this philosophy with his aphorism that all men are biologically the same. According to Hobbes, the natural state of man is an inclination toward violence, as this is the only way to wrest from another that which is desired but cannot be shared. Therefore â€Å"during the time that men live without common power to keep them in awe they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war, as it is of every man, against every man† (Hobbes 12). In other words, Hobbes does not trust men to act with regard to others unless compelled by fear of retribution from some authoritative figure. This mirrors Huxley’s government, which sees the individual as a child who is not expected to think or behave except as â€Å"hypnopà ¦dia† (Huxley 16) has taught them. It is the basis of patriarchal thought, for only in a society where individuals cannot be trusted to behave can a government rationalize the removal of personal rights. Aristotle believed that a benevolent monarchy would constitute the perfect government. However, he relegated this